Humour and Satire in Urdu Literature

Silliness and Satire In Urdu Literature Taken Gull* and Tableaus Abstract Humor and Satire are an indispensable piece of all types of writing; and when the sad piece of a dramatization/story gets excruciating, humor/parody give a genuinely necessary redirection and alleviation. This article looks at the impact of diversion and parody concerning a portion of the main men of letters of Urdu writing. Catchphrases: Humor, Satire, Urdu, Literature It is hard for individuals to consistently lead a grave and sullen life. They require entertainment, mental unwinding and diversion or something to that affect. Diversion is the most reasonable and Innocent choice for this purpose.Humor can be verbal, visual or physical. Non-verbal types of correspondence for instance †music and craftsmanship can likewise be diverting. Since writing is the reproduction of life it produces genuine, inconspicuous and sensitive scholarly pieces yet in addition the requirement for gentle, develop and smooth syt heses has consistently been yearned for to persuade and wheedle the perusers. To keep up the normality and unfaltering quality of life the components of silliness and parody are constantly required. Commonly funniness and parody are utilized as a compound sort yet they are two unique words having two particular meanings.Simon Waistlines is of the feeling cap humor is the weapon of unarmed individuals: it helps individuals who are abused to grin. Indeed, humor succeeds where astuteness falls flat. Stephen Lacked affirms: â€Å"Humor may likewise be characterized as the compassionate examination of the Incongruities of life and the aesthetic articulation thereof. I think this is the best I know, since I composed it myself. † 1 This order shows three significant viewpoints, which are the ‘Irregularities of life', ‘kindly thought' and ‘artistic expression'.The first point clarifies that a humorist doesn't take a gander at the Irregularities Taken Gull, Assistant Professor, Zinnia College for Women, University of Appeaser. ** Tableaus laved, Lecturer, Zinnia College for Women, college of Appeaser. * Taken Gull and Tableaus Saved of life derisively rather gets entertained with them, the second Is that he manages comic circumstances and grimness of life and the third point clarifies that a humorist embraces a handy way of depicting such interesting circumstances as opposed to introducing them in an unpolished and exhausting way.Moving on to the better 50% of silliness that Is parody, mockery and scoff as characterized by the reference book Britannica; â€Å"Satire In Its artistic angle, might be characterized as the articulation In sufficient terms of the feeling of delight or disturb energized by the silly or graceless, gave that abstract structure without humor, parody is denunciation; without scholarly structure, it is negligible clownish Jeering†2 Babul-al-Jeez Hafted Suicide characterizes parody in the accompanying words: â€Å"T he comic circumstances of life which can be called attention to and the scornful parts of life which can be contradicted and hilariously condemned are named as satire†. The procedure of mockery imparts a ton to medical procedure. As a specialist dismembers and opens p the human body so as to remove it by the tainted segment, likewise a humorist distinguishes the indiscretions of the general public and removes it of the corruptive issues. In spite of the fact that it is valid and conceded that a humorist certainly has the fervor and fervency of elatedness and matchless quality present in him. Whatever a comedian targets he shows his irritation towards it and is burning alter and hope for it. Maybe the component of compassion is missing which is viewed as the soul of humor.ABA-AH-Chair considering, states: â€Å"Those comedians who remove beguilement and giggle at the defenselessness of individuals can never arrive at the statures. A decent comedian is an unfeeling specialist a nd mercilessly dismembers however in his parody there are no indications of individual retribution or void. His sole design is valuable and to present a positive change. The target of his craft is to bring up the terribleness of life and to embellish society. â€Å"4 Whether it is parody or silliness both require earnestness and loyalty, though, partiality, affectedness and inner self are totally viewed as harmful for them.Making someone a subject of funniness or immersing somebody based on close to home feelings of resentment is a finished infringement of the standards and is The Dialog 179 Volume VII Number 2 Humor and Satire in Urdu Literature amazingly modest in itself. That is the explanation, why in each writing it is viewed as the amusingness and parody of the most minimal degree. In opposition to this, the sincere joy or disappointment of brain and thought offers imperativeness to humor and parody. At that point the most troublesome part of this expertise is to condemn your own self.To disparage others and make them the objective of horseplay is nearly simple however to ridicule at oneself happily is most troublesome thing on the planet. It is hence appropriately said by Shabby-LU-Hosannas that solitary those countries are viewed as socialized who can ridicule their shortcomings. 5 Satire can just develop and create in such social orders where individuals have reasonable and functional methodology towards life. Just those individuals offer space to parody who have the tolerance and will for change.Rehashed Mad Suicide says that diversion and parody can just create in those nations and countries who are autonomous and esteem autonomy. Be that as it may, this class can't develop among the countries who are bound in the shackles of subjection. Among the individuals where divine beings and tolerable and quality amusingness and parody. Mockery uncovered before the perusers the individual indiscretion and mortification of others which must be dealt with by a develop brain of good taste and taught mentality. To put it plainly, it is a class whose peruser isn't just ready to see the shortcomings of others yet their own wrongdoings as well.The component of funniness makes this type carefree, Jovial, personal and irresistible. It is in this way vital that it ought not be modest and foul however ought to rather be significant, broad, universalism and persevering. In another circumstance amusingness and parody can be made the reason for assessing norms of the writing of any language. Silliness and fun are social and speak to the traditions, conventions, convictions and standards of a specific culture. Actually, the sorts of amusingness differ from individuals to individuals and society to society.The comic motions and entertaining circumstances which can be a giggling tail for us may not be clever at all for a British or an American. Then again, as indicated by Muhammad Alma Khan cleverness and parody together can make the historical backdr op of the attitude of a country and furthermore are its legacy. Additionally it tends to be settled upon that funniness and incongruity of any network or progress can be utilized as n outright scale to test the happiness, recognition, personalities and sentiments of them. 7 Now we need to see whether diversion and parody are associated or not.Norman Forlorn in this association expresses that for abstract parody two parts are advantageous; one is reprimanding and soaking an accursed episode or thing and the other cleverness. 180 Rasher Mad Quietude's assessment is in opposition to that of Norman Furlong's. As indicated by him parody is certain in humor, though, silliness ought not be a piece of parody. He considers humor better than parody and a type of expressions which is troublesome in execution. For humor, he says: self-satisfied demeanor and conferment is required, while, for parody vitality, distress, outrage and statement all are required at the same time. In contrast with Reh ashed Mad Suicide, Stayed Thatches Hussein's thought is nearly progressively consistent where he composes that the acrid inclination that individuals create while perusing an ironical work is the very motivation behind why individuals separate it from humor. Consequently, Thicker and Meredith both have acknowledged the imperativeness of silliness however not of parody. Actually the presence of parody is unthinkable without the nearness of silliness, while, diversion can exist without clothing. 9 Anyhow, it is essential to watch the few procedures of cleverness and parody. ). The principal method is that of correlation where amusingness is made by the at the same time. The subsequent procedure is â€Å"the utilization of language†. Creating humor by innovatively utilizing the human discourse and articulation in which Taker (redundancy), Rarity-e-flyer (play on words) and Bazaar Kanji (mind) are incorporated . Iii). The third method is that of a comical circumstance. Iv). The f ourth procedure is the utilization of a clever character. V). The fifth strategy is that of satire. V'). The 6th procedure s that of irony.No question there are different methods like Sol-e-well evolved creature (Catch 22), Ambulance (misrepresentation) and so forth. Be that as it may, the ones given above are generally known and well known. In the wake of watching the general parts of funniness and parody, we switch on to the craft of silliness and parody in Urdu writing. At the point when we toss a superficial look at it we discover that its beginning stage can be found in some old Distant (legends). Be that as it may, the nature of silliness and parody in certain spots is very second rate while at others the snazzy impacts of normally charming and interesting funniness and parody are noticeable. InUrdu writing silliness and parody are obviously watched without precedent for the letters composed by Kigali where straight to the point cleverness and offhandedness are very overbearin g. Kigali was honored with double characteristic of being an artist and an exposition essayist. Diversion was a piece of his temperament, that is the reason Hall called him â€Å"Hewn-e-Career† (silly creature). His diversion is devout and unadulterated. He grins at the events when individuals are whimpering and crying. He is fit for snickering at himself not just on others. In his 181 letters we find delicate grins rather than entire hearted laughter.In his letters, rather than sing noisy and sharp hues, he utilizes a wonderful mix of light shades of amusingness. Other than Kigali, silliness and mind are additionally seen in the compositions of Sir Seed Mad Khan and Chablis Neumann, though, the components of parody are progressively explicit in the writing contributed by Deputy Nazi Mad. Sir Seed's work was not kidding, productive and influential however in response the cleverness and parody

Fun Family History Activities for Family Reunions

Fun Family History Activities for Family Reunions In the same way as other families, you and your family members may have made arrangements to get together this late spring. What an incredible open door for sharing stories and family history. Give one of these 10 fun family ancestry exercises an attempt at your next family get-together to get individuals talking, sharing and having some good times. Memory T-Shirts In the event that you have more than one part of a more distant family going to your gathering, think about distinguishing each branch with an alternate shaded shirt. To additionally consolidate the family ancestry subject, filter in a photograph of the branchs ancestor and print it out on an iron-on move with identifiers, for example, Joes Kid or Joes Grandkid. These shading coded photograph shirts make it simple to tell initially who is identified with who. Shading coded family tree informal IDs offer a progressively modest variety. Photograph Swap Welcome participants to bring their old, memorable family photographs to the get-together, including pictures of individuals (incredible, extraordinary grandpa), places (houses of worship, burial ground, the old estate) and even past reunions. Urge everybody to mark their photographs with the names of the individuals in the photo, the date of the photograph, and their own name and an ID number (an alternate number to recognize every photograph). On the off chance that you can get a volunteer to carry a scanner and PC a CD copier, at that point set up a filtering table and make a CD of everyones photographs. You can even urge individuals to bring more photographs by offering a free CD for each 10 photographs contributed. The remainder of the CDs you can offer to intrigued relatives to help settle expenses of the checking and CD copying. In the event that your family isnt very well informed, at that point set up a table with the photographs and incorporate information exchange sheets w here individuals can arrange duplicates of their top picks (by name and ID number). Family Scavenger Hunt A good time for all ages, yet a particularly decent approach to get the children in question, a family scrounger chase guarantees a lot of communication between various ages. Make a structure or booklet with family-related inquiries, for example, What was extraordinary granddad Powell’s first name? Which Aunt had twins? Where and when were Grandma and Grandpa Bishop hitched? Is there somebody conceived in a similar state as you? Set a cutoff time, and afterward assemble the family to pass judgment on the outcomes. In the event that you wish, you can grant prizes to the individuals who find the most solutions right, and the booklets themselves make decent get-together trinkets. Family Tree Wall Chart Make an enormous family tree diagram to show on a divider, including whatever number ages of the family as could reasonably be expected. Relatives can utilize it to fill in the spaces and right any wrong data. Divider graphs are well known with get-together participants as they assist individuals with picturing their place inside the family. The completed item additionally gives an incredible wellspring of genealogical data. Legacy Cookbook Welcome participants to submit most loved family plans from their own family or one went down from a far off predecessor. Request that they remember subtleties for, recollections of and a photograph (when accessible) of the relative most popular for the dish. The gathered plans would then be able to be transformed into an awesome family cookbook. This additionally makes an extraordinary gathering pledges venture for the next years get-together. A world of fond memories Storytime An uncommon chance to hear intriguing and entertaining tales about your family, a narrating hour can truly support family recollections. On the off chance that everybody concurs, have somebody audiotape or tape this meeting. Voyage through the Past On the off chance that your family get-together is held close to where the family started, at that point plan an outing to the old family property, church or burial ground. You can utilize this as a chance to share family recollections, or go above and beyond and enroll the faction to tidy up the genealogical graveyard plots or research the family in old church records (make certain to plan with the minister ahead of time). This is an especially extraordinary movement when numerous individuals are going to from away. Family ancestry Skits and Reenactments Utilizing stories from your own family ancestry, have gatherings of participants create dramas or plays that will retell the stories at your family get-together. You can even stage these reenactments at places that are of significance to your family, for example, homes, schools, houses of worship, and stops (see Tour into the Past above). Non-entertainers can get into the fun by demonstrating vintage attire or hereditary outfits. Oral History Odyssey Discover somebody with a camcorder who is eager to talk with individuals from the family. On the off chance that the get-together is to pay tribute to a unique occasion, (for example, Grandma and Grandpas 50th Anniversary), get some information about the guest(s) of respect. Or then again, pose inquiries on other select recollections, for example, experiencing childhood with the old residence. Youll be shocked how distinctively individuals recall a similar spot or occasion. Memorabilia Table Set up a table for participants to bring and show loved family memorabilia-noteworthy photographs, military decorations, old adornments, family books of scriptures, and so on. Be certain all things are deliberately marked and the table is constantly facilitated.

Why Would Opiate Medications Cause Fainting

Why Would Opiate Medications Cause Fainting Addiction Drug Use Opioids Print Why Would Opioid Medications Cause Fainting? By Rod Brouhard, EMT-P facebook twitter linkedin Rod Brouhard is an emergency medical technician paramedic (EMT-P), journalist, educator, and advocate for emergency medical service providers and patients. Learn about our editorial policy Rod Brouhard, EMT-P Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 23, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 10, 2020 There is no real difference between heroin and prescription opiates. Snap Decision / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Opioids Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Opioid medications are often prescribed to help control pain, but they can sometimes have unpleasant side effects. In addition to the risk of addiction and abuse, narcotic pain medications can sometimes cause people taking them to pass out. This can be a frightening experience for the patient taking the medications as well as any family, friends, or passersby who happen to be there to witness the loss of consciousness. In order to understand why opioids sometimes cause people to faint, it is important to know about how these drugs work. Note: The following is to help understand opioids better and is not intended as advice for medical treatment. Opioids and Fainting Opioidsâ€"medications made directly from opium extract or a synthetic version of opiumâ€"can cause loss of consciousness and possibly death. These medications are also known as narcotics. A drop in blood pressure is fairly common. Paramedics administer opioid medications to relieve pain as well as to reduce the workload of the heart during certain types of heart-related emergencies (usually for chest pain during heart attacks or congestive heart failure). The action that leads to lower blood pressure in opioids is the same action that reduces the hearts workload. To better understand how opioids do what they do, lets start by looking at symptoms of opioid overdoses. How Opiates Impact the Brain and Body Opioid Background These medications are often used for pain control, but they have a long history of abuse. The opioids most people recognize are morphine, Vicodin, codeine, Oxycontin, and heroin. There are several more drugs in this class available and many have different names in different countries (Rapifen and Transtec are common names in the UK). Heroin, developed by the Bayer Company (yes, same as aspirinâ€"and released commercially only a year apart), hasnt been legal in the United States since 1924 and is no longer commercially produced worldwide, unless you count illegal production. Its worth noting that unlike legal medications, illegal opioids are not regulated and their purity can be unpredictable, which can contribute to overdoses. Besides administering opioids therapeutically (usually morphine, but paramedics in some areas may carry different versions) paramedics are often called upon to treat opioid overdoses. There are three classic signs of an opioid overdose: Unconsciousness. The patient is almost always completely unresponsive.Constricted pupils (sometimes referred to as pinpoint pupils)The patient is breathing slowly or not breathing at all. This is called apnea or respiratory arrest. The most common opioid overdoses seen by paramedics involve heroin, but any opioid medication can cause the signs and symptoms above. The problems with opioid medications dont only happen with overdose. Some opioids, such as morphine, cause decreases in heart output and blood pressure. How it happens is still being studied and it seems that not all opioid medications are created equal. Individual reactions to opioids vary from one person to the next, meaning that one persons reactions and side effects to a drug like morphine or fentanyl might be very different than someone elses. Besides whatever direct effect an opioid medication might have on blood pressure, there are other opioid-related reactions that can affect blood pressure and possibly contribute to fainting, among other things. It is impossible to predict the degree to which an opioid medication will change an individuals blood pressure. However, knowing that blood pressure could be affected helps us be prepared for possible adverse reactions. Histamine and Heroin Stereotypically, heroin addicts are depicted as itching constantly and scratching a lot. There might be a reason for that; opioids cause a release of histamine. Histamine is the same thing thats released during an allergic reaction. Allergic reactions cause itching, among other things. Histamine also plays a part in anaphylaxis, which is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. The symptoms of anaphylaxis often include low blood pressures. Combined with the typical decrease in blood pressure of some opioids, this can lead to a precipitous drop in blood pressure and fainting. Understanding Opioid Overdoses Opioid-Induced Constipation Opioids are also well-documented causes of constipation. Chronic users can develop severe constipation that can lead to cramping in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal cramping stimulates the vagus nerve, which leads to lower heart rates and drops in blood pressure. Cramping is another potential trigger for fainting due to sudden losses of blood pressure. Important Considerations Even though these are some of the oldest pain relievers available, there is still a lot we dont know or understand about opioid medications. With all the possible reactions and effects of opioids, a loss of blood pressure bad enough to cause a loss of consciousness (fainting) is not out of the question. Adding the sedative effects of opioids and their propensity to decrease breathing just makes things more complicated. Read the Labels Always follow directions on all medications (prescription and over the counter). Doing so may help you avoid situations that can lead to fainting. For instance, the precautions for oxycodone warns that the medications may result in lightheadedness, dizziness, and fainting when standing too quickly. Ultimately, for some people, opioid medications simply may not be the answer. But given the important role that these pain control agents can play, its worth exploring the options with a doctor in cases involving severe pain. With expert supervision and safe and careful titration, pain control and improved quality of life can be achieved. How to Spot the Signs of a Pain Killer Addiction

10 Things You Dont Know About Fat

Along with proteins and carbohydrates, fat is an essential nutrient that provides energy for the body. Fat not only serves a metabolic function but also plays a structural role in the building of cell membranes. Fat is found primarily beneath the skin and is essential for maintaining healthy skin. Fat also helps to cushion and protect organs, as well as insulate the body against heat loss. While some types of fat are not healthy, others are required for good health. Discover some interesting facts you may not know about fat. 1. Fats Are Lipids but Not All Lipids Are Fats Lipids are a diverse group of biological compounds characterized generally by their insolubility in water. Major lipid groups include fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes. Fats, also called triglycerides, are composed of three fatty acids and glycerol. Triglycerides that are solid at room temperature are called fats, while triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature are called oils. 2. There Are Billions of Fat Cells in the Body While our genes determine the number of fat cells we are born with, newborns typically have around 5 billion fat cells. For healthy adults with normal body composition, this number ranges from 25-30 billion. Overweight adults on average can have around 80 billion fat cells and obese adults can have as many as 300 billion fat cells. 3. Whether You Eat a Low-Fat Diet or High-Fat Diet, the Percentage of Calories From Dietary Fat Consumed Is Not Linked to Disease As it relates to developing cardiovascular disease and stroke, it is the type of fat you eat not the percentage of calories from the fat that increases your risk. Saturated fats and trans fats raise LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels in your blood. In addition to raising LDL (bad cholesterol), trans fats also lower HDL (good cholesterol), thus increasing the risk of developing disease. Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats lower LDL levels and reduce the risk of  disease. 4. Fat Tissue Is Composed of Adipocytes Fat tissue (adipose tissue) is composed mainly of adipocytes. Adipocytes are fat cells that contain droplets of stored fat. These cells swell or shrink depending on whether fat is being stored or used. Other types of cells that comprise adipose tissue include fibroblasts, macrophages, nerves, and endothelial cells. 5. Fat Tissue Can Be White, Brown, or Beige White adipose tissue stores fat as energy and helps to insulate the body, while brown adipose burns fat and generates heat. Beige adipose is genetically different from both brown and white adipose, but burns calories to release energy like brown adipose. Both brown and beige fat get their color from the abundance of blood vessels and the presence of iron-containing mitochondria throughout the tissue. 6. Fat Tissue Produces Hormones That Protect Against Obesity Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ by generating hormones that influence metabolic activity. A major function of adipose cells is to produce the hormone adiponectin, which controls fat metabolism and increases the bodys sensitivity to insulin. Adiponectin helps to increase energy use in muscles without affecting appetite, to reduce body weight, and to protect against obesity. 7. Fat Cell Numbers Remain Constant in Adulthood Studies have revealed that the numbers of fat cells in adults remain constant overall. This is true regardless of whether you are lean or obese, or whether you lose or gain weight. Fat cells swell when you gain fat and shrink when you lose fat. The number of fat cells an individual has in adulthood is set during adolescence. 8. Fat Helps Vitamin Absorption Certain vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble and can not be properly digested without fat. Fats help these vitamins to be absorbed in the upper portion of the small intestines. 9. Fat Cells Have a 10 Year Lifespan On average, fat cells live for about 10 years before they die and are replaced. The rate at which fat is stored and removed from adipose tissue is about one and a half years for an adult with normal weight. The fat storage and removal rates balance out so that there is no net increase in fat. For an obese person, the fat removal rate decreases and the storage rate increases. The fat storage and removal rate for an obese person is two years. 10. Women Have a Higher Percentage of Body Fat Than Men Women have a greater percentage of body fat than men. Women need more body fat to maintain menstruation and also to prepare for pregnancy. A pregnant woman must store enough energy for herself and for her developing child. According to the American Council on Exercise, average women have between 25-31% body fat, while average men have between 18-24% body fat. Sources Fat turnover in obese slower than average. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Published 2011 September 25. (https://www.llnl.gov/news/fat-turnover-obese-slower-average)What are the guidelines for percentage of body fat loss? The American Council on Exercise. Published 2009 December 2. (http://www.acefitness.org/acefit/healthy-living-article/60/112/what-are-the-guidelines-for-percentage-of/)Dynamics of fat cell turnover in humans. Spalding KL, Arner E, Westermark PO, Bernard S, Buchholz BA, Bergmann O, Blomqvist L, Hoffstedt J, Nà ¤slund E, Britton T, et al. Nature. 2008 Jun 5; 453(7196):783-7. Epub 2008 May 4.

Belief Systems Islam and Buddhism - 609 Words

Throughout history, the spread of belief systems has influenced regions socially, economically, and politically. Some of these belief systems were Islam and Buddhism. Islam and Buddhism spread and influenced regions socially economically, and politically. Islam was spread to many regions like Spain, Africa and the Songhai empire. As well as being spread it was also influenced socially, economically, and politically. Islam was spread to African societies. In document 1, it states that, Islam was spread to African societies by opening routes and exposing isolated societies to external influences by merchants. In document 3, it states the Askia Mohammed remodeled his empire along Islamic lines as possible. Their new followers converted because they liked Muslim culture. They believed in Allah, their God, and honor Mohammed teachings. Many converted because they liked how they Gov’t was run. Mohammed followers spread Islam beyond the Arab world. Islam influenced society, economically, and politically on other regions. In document 1, it states, Muslim men of religion were peacemakers, who pleaded for those who broke the Kings law. According to document 2, Muslims spread the love of art beyond learning. In Spain, Muslims Muslims infl uence the Spaniards socially. Document 3 states, that legal and social reforms were introduced by judges were appointed in all large districts of the empire. The court of Askia Mohammed was the highest court of the land to which appeals from lowerShow MoreRelatedSimilarities between Beliefs and Philosophies from the World1637 Words   |  7 Pagesreligion and their beliefs about God. Point of view has always been important and is supposed to be respected. I was myself involved in many of the family rituals conducted and that always amused me. I come from a family possessing a religious background. 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Startegic Analysis (Sherwin Williams) Free Essays

The Sherwin-Williams Company SHW (NYSE) Strategic Analysis ————————————————- SWOT ANALYSIS StrengthsWeaknesses Strong financial performanceHigh debt to equity ratio Wide product portfolioIncrease in current liabilities Strong market presence OpportunitiesThreats Global demand for coatings market Consolidation in chemical industry Opening new storesForeign exchange risks Strategic acquisitionEnvironmental regulations The Sherwin-Williams Company is viewed as one of the leading paint manufacturing and retailing companies in the US. Some of their key strengths are a strong market presence, wide product portfolio, and strong financial performance. Some major areas of concern are a high debt to equity ratio and increasing current liabilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Startegic Analysis (Sherwin Williams) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Going forward, the risks associated with foreign exchange risk, environmental regulations, and consolidation in chemical industry may impede its business growth. However, ample growth opportunities for the company are obtainable through strategic acquisition, opening new stores and increasing global market for coatings. Strengths: Strong financial performance FY2010 reflected an impressive financial performance for the company. They registered total revenue of US$7,776. 42 million in the FY2010, up 9. 62% on an annual basis from US$7,094. 25 million in the FY2009. The increase in revenue was principally due to the acquisition of two industrial wood finishes businesses(Sayerlack and Becker Acroma). These two acquisitions increased revenues for FY2010 by more than US$440 million. Also, their operating profit increased by 8. 82% from US$622. 82 million in the FY2009, to US$677. 78 million in the FY2010. Simultaneously, the company net income increase by 6. 11% to US$462. 49 million in the FY2010 from US$435. 5 million in the FY2009. Based on such strong financial performance, the company can aggressively pursue its growth and expansion plans. Wide product portfolio Having a broad business portfolio helps the company to serve the diverse needs of its customer base. Sherwin-Williams develops, produces, distributes and retails paints, coatings and related products. They also produce paints, stains, painting tools and equipments for a wide variety of customers such as residential and commercial builders, architectural and industrial painting contractors, property owners and managers. Their portfolio includes products for their Paint Stores group segment, Consumer Group segment, and the Global Finishes Group segment. In addition to its merchandise offerings, it also provides painting related services such as color sampling, wood finishing systems and services, inventory management and equipment repairs. This broad product portfolio has allowed them to obtain a higher market share and increase their revenues. Strong market presence A strong market position allows them to attract a huge customer base, ensuring strong top-line performance. Sherwin-Williams is one of leading manufacturers in the coating industry in the US. In Europe, their subsidiaries, Sayerlack and Becker Acroma are recognized as the leading coating companies. Another subsidiary, Pinturas Condor is the largest paint and coatings company in Ecuador. The company offers a wide portfolio of market leading brands such as Sherwin-Williams, ProMar, SuperPaint, A-100, Duron, PrepRite, Duration, Master Hide, ProClassic, Classic 99, MAB, Columbia and ExpressTech. Such a strong market presence of the company helps it to generate increased demand for its offerings, driving the revenue. Weaknesses: High debt to equity ratio This ratio may place the company in a risky position in paying off its high interests. Their debt to equity ratio was 70. 12 in the FY2010, which was much higher than Chemicals – Commodity industry’s average debt to equity ratio of 29. 91. The increased debt to equity ratio was due to 27. 79% annual increase in debt, from US$817. 61 million at the end of the FY2009 to US$1,044. 79 million at the end of the FY2010. This higher debt to equity ratio compared to the industry may indicate that the company’s poor ability to meet its obligations, which in turn may affect its business operations. Increase in current liabilities Substantial increase in current liabilities weakened the company’s liquidity position. Its current liabilities were US$2,063. 94 million at the end of FY2010, a 48. 09% increase compared to the previous year. However, its current assets recorded a marginal increase of 25. 07% – from US$1,770. 02 million at the end of FY2009 to US$2,213. 72 million at the end of FY2010. Following this, the company’s current ratio declined from 1. 27 at the end of the FY2009 to 1. 07 at the end of FY2010. A lower current ratio indicates that the company is in a weak financial position, and it may find it difficult to meet its day-to-day obligations. Opportunities: Global demand for coatings market The growing market for global coatings will certainly benefit the company. Market analysts expect the global coatings market to reach US$98. 69 billion by 2015. This expected increase is primarily due to economic activity, rapid industrialization, and increasing demand from automotive and construction sectors in developing countries. The Asian market is also forecast to increase at a compounded annual growth rate of 4. 2% through 2015. Being a manufacturer of paints and coatings, the company can tap this growing market. Opening new stores The company’s expansion plans of new stores will attract huge customer base. During the FY2010, the company’s Paint Group segment opened 49 new stores, of which 40 in the US, six in Canada, two in Trinidad and one in Jamaica. Also, during the FY2001, the company increased its total stores to 3,390 compared to 3,354 in the FY2009. For FY2011, the company is planning to open 50 to 60 new stores. This expansion plan will provide competitive edge over its peers in the industry. Strategic acquisition Their focus on expanding its global presence will provide further growth opportunities. As an example, the company acquired Becker Industrial Products AB in September 2010, one of the largest manufacturers of industrial wood coatings globally. Becker Acroma operates nine manufacturing facilities, 19 mixing sites and 13 technical centers around the world. This acquisition will allow them to expand its quality products and customer service while also strengthening its growing global platform to better serve customers around the world with outstanding technology, assets, and people. Strategic acquisitions such as this will enhance the company’s global expansion, ensuring top-line performance. Threats: Consolidation in chemical industry Merger and acquisition activities in the chemical industry could present a potential threat. The global chemical MA deals are expected to be more active in 2011. In the first three quarters of 2010, total global chemical MA transactions amounted to US$32 billion, which was higher than full year 2009 value of US$25. 4 billion. Sherwin-Williams may face competition from its peers, which are financially and operationally stronger, apart from becoming a target of such MA deals. Foreign exchange risks Because they operate in many parts of the world, they are exposed to the fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Their business operations are conducted in many currencies worldwide. Significant part of its revenue is denominated in other currencies such as the Russian Ruble, Euro, Brazil Real, Chile peso, and Japan Yen, among others. Although the company has forward currency contracts, there can be no assurance that such hedging activities or measures will significantly limit the impact of movements in exchange rates on the company’s results of operations. As a result, a loss of US$3. 82 million and US$2. 84 million was reports in FY2010 and FY2009 respectively, due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. If the same scenario occurs, the company’s business and results of operations may be adversely affected. Environmental regulations These regulations may be affected by the environmental regulations governing the global chemical industry. REACH (Registration Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals) is an example of the stringent environmental regulations that are set to affect chemical producers. REACH regulates the products manufactured and marketed in Europe by mandating that all companies develop and submit dossiers containing datasets about their chemical products and detail their potential impact and risk on environment. This could be a challenge while launching a new product as it is a time-consuming and expensive process. It could also result in phasing out many existing chemicals from the market, which may be regarded as toxic and hazardous. REACH directly applies to over 30,000 different chemical substances that are produced or sold in Europe and its implementation is expected to cost European chemical industry about US$3 billion. Regulations for other countries are expected to follow the same model. Similar regulations have already been implemented in the US with the reform of Toxic Substances Control Act. Such stringent environmental regulations could affect both existing and new products for the company. KEY PERSONNEL Christopher M. Connor, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer Since 2000, ? Age 54 Mr. Connor has been the Chairman of the company, since 2000 and has also been the Chief Executive Officer since 1999. From 2005 to 2006, he served as the President of the company and was the vice chairman from 1999 to 2000. He served as the President, Paint Stores Group of Sherwin-Williams from 1997 to 1999. He is also a Director of Eaton Corporation and National City Corporation. John G. Morikis, Chief Operating Officer, President Since 2006, ? Age 47 Mr. Morikis has been the President and the Chief Operating Officer of the company, since 2006. Prior to this, he served as the President, Paint Stores Group from 1999 to 2006. He joined the company in December 1984. Sean P. Hennessy, Chief Financial Officer – Finance, Senior Vice President Since 2002, ? Age 53 Mr. Hennessy has been the Chief Financial Officer the company, since 2002. He has also been the Senior Vice President – Finance of the company, since August 2001. Mr. Hennessy joined the company in September 1984. CORPORATE CULTURE AND SOCIETAL EXPECTATIONS/RESPONSIBILITIES Corporate Culture Sherwin Williams has a positive corporate culture and through education assistance is willing to give its employees the skills to become what they would like to be. Additionally they have excellent training that is provided in a scheduled manner to make sure that everyone has the up to date information. They also have cutting edge technology that facilitates the sales process. Sherwin-Williams has been recognized among Fortune Magazine’s 100 Best Companies to Work For in 2005, 2006, and 2008. Seven core values drive their culture and guide Sherwin-Williams as a team and as a company. These values are Integrity, People, Service, Quality, Performance, Innovation and Growth. The company ensures that these values are reflected in their people, their products, and their business practices and relationships. They also provide opportunities for advancement. More than 90% of placements into managerial and professional positions in the Paint Stores Group come from within the company. Over 700 college recruits are hired every year into their Management/Sales Training Program and receive training in different divisions and functions. Sherwin-Williams is also well respected for their benefits package. Is considered one of the best in the business. Besides the common short-term benefits like health and dental insurance, they also offer benefits that grow over a lifetime. They offer: * Health ; Dental Insurance * Group Life ; Accidental Death ; Dismemberment Insurance * Supplemental Life Insurance * Voluntary Personal Accident Insurance Disability Insurance (Short ; Long-term) * Matching 401(k) and Pension Programs * Vacation and Holidays * Employee Discount Program * Tuition Aid * Adoption Assistance Societal Expectations Sherwin-Williams believes that it is their calling to manufacture and market innovative products while still operating a safe, clean and friendly workplace and observing the highest ethical standards in business. In 2009, they presented their first, Corporate Social Responsibility Report — a report that demonstrated the actions behind their beliefs. To them, Corporate Social Responsibility means to act in a way that reduces their impact on the world around us. They believe they have the most comprehensive line of environmentally responsible products. They also have a number of other brands sold around the world that seek to reduce their impact on the environment. Sherwin-Williams believes it’s important to participate in healthy discussions — and create action plans — with input from those around them. That is why they are actively engaged with government agencies and industry organizations that value sustainable practices as much as they do. Some of these agencies are: * U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Climate Leaders Program * National Paint ; Coatings Association Coatings Care Program * CLEARCorps National Lead Extraction Program * EPA Smart Ways Fuel Efficient Transportation Program * U. S. Green Building Council * National Association of Home Builders — Green Building Council In July 2008, Sherwin-Williams launched EcoVision, an internal company-wide initiative that challenges every employee to look for and implement ways to reduce the company’s impact on the environment. The programs mission is to assist Sherwin-Williams to be recognized as a leader in the development of sustainable processes, product and activities that are profitable, preserve natural resources, and contribute to social improvement. Their contribution to social improvement has been demonstrated through The Sherwin-Williams Foundation. In 2007, the Foundation launched the Sherwin-Williams Grant, a $50,000 cash award given annually to a charity committed to either children’s health or educational programs that lead to economic independence. How to cite Startegic Analysis (Sherwin Williams), Papers

Subculture of Hip Hop free essay sample

It all started with the birth of a nation. The shameful crimes that build this country rest on the backs of an enslaved people, yesterday in chains and with laws and today behind bars and within colonization. The tale is as old as our time. The first slaves were brought to the Virginia Colony in the early asses. They were simply indentured servant whom would be released after working an agreed number of years. They came to America on a voluntary basis. Soon after, that model of slavery was replaces with the race-based slavery used in the Caribbean.Slavery was officially legalized in 1641 and gradually regressed to the brutal form that we know today. The undermining and oppression of those African people were sealed in 1 712 when William Lynch, a plantation owner from the British West Indies, was asked to come to the Virginia Colony to give basically a seminar on how to manage slaves. We will write a custom essay sample on Subculture of Hip Hop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His method, in my opinion was the catalyst that started the psychological oppression that still plagues the African American psyche today. In his speech he compared Blacks directly to horses saying, Both horse and naggers is no good to the economy in the wilder or natural state.Both must be broken and died together for orderly production. (Lynch 1712). He thought that the most important factor to managing a slave was breaking his mind, or their will to resist. In the speech he gave he laid out three major points that were mandatory. 1. Breaking the mother 2. Emasculating the man in front of the woman and offspring 3. Removing men from family after offspring were born The breaking of the woman was the most important as it lead to perpetuation of the slave mentality through offspring which ensured survival of the mentality with no more work done on the part of the slave owner. After reeking the dependency of the woman from the man it caused her to do for the master and not for herself. In emasculating and removing the male from the household, which also reinforced the independence of the mother and fear in the woman, it caused the mother to in turn teach those roles to her children. She taught the female child to be independent and to live for the master and in fear for her male offspring life taught him the rules which made him psychologically dependent, but continued to keep them physically strong. He even took into consideration that the slaves might eventually erect this way of thinking.His solution was to crossbreed Whites with the slave women. By mixing and creating different shades of people this created different levels of labor. Each level of labor had different values which created separation and caused tension among them. Lynch promised that his method would keep Blacks enslaved for tallest 300 years. 201 1 is the 29th year mark from the day of his speech and his theory is still going strong. His ideas are constantly reconstructed and perpetuated by the ones whom it affects the most. To be stripped of your humanity and turned into property, How does one pop when they come into the freedom we have today?It is through creation of your own world, one where you can escape to, where you are in control. That is how the Hip-Hop subculture was born. The definition of subculture that will use for my research is: a subdivision of a natural culture, composed of a combination of factorials social situations such as class status, ethnic background, regional and rural or urban residence, and religious affiliation, but forming in their combination a functional unity which as an integrated impact on the participating individual Gordon, 1947140) The subculture that I will be analyzing is the Hip-Hop subculture.Hip-Ho p emerged in the 1 9705 in the Bronx area of New York. Keith Wiggins a member of Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five has been credited with coining the term Hip Hop in the late asss but it is more recognized to have been started by DC Africa Bumboat. Bumboat is credited with really starting the movement and establishing it has a legit music genre. He outlined four main pillars of hip hop culture and they include Mincing, Digging, break dancing and graffiti writing. Obtaining is also included as a sub element of Digging.Hip-Hop as a subculture was established by Black Americans, the youth in particular because of their normalization. Mainstream music was made mostly by White Americans for White Americans on topics they could relate to. Even though Hip-Hop started off as just a beat it transformed into something so much more. Jamaica born DC Clive Cool Here Campbell, one of the most influential in pioneering the art of hip hop music, brought over many Jamaican traditions including their tradition of toasting, which laid the lupine for the actual rapping on instrumentals.Toasting is impromptu, boastful poetry and speech over music. Hip Hop music became one of the primary constructive outlets for Black Americans to release their thoughts, pain, and anguish about the injustices and mistreatment of Black people. Even though most of the pioneers in Hip Hop either were not born in America or are 2nd generation immigrants that proves that common oppression can lead to unity. The fact that that these individuals were impoverished and felt marginality is what brought them gather and lead to the culture today.Deep rooted racism in the United States kept the genre of music suppressed for a while before it was allowed to even be played on the airwaves. Now, in 2011, the main consumers of byproducts of hip hop are Wh ite Americans. Dreaming Analysis The continuous normalization of African Americans has left them in a state of anomie, not being able to totally meet the social goals and norms of white America has caused strain and dysfunctional which eventually lead to a feeling of alienation.The members of this anomic class, having similar seasons for alienation, have been brought together and cohesion has formed which strikingly resembles mechanical solidarity. Mechanical solidarity is a social bond based on resemblance. It is the common oppression that creates the collective consciousness that maintains this bond. Blackness is the token that is deified. Characteristics of that Blackness are normalization, poverty, and oppression. These are the most prevailing themes in the society that is created. Not surprisingly, these are also the main themes in Hip-Hop music.The collective conscious of this group is translated through symbolic immunization such as slang and beat making and translates to the collective behavior which is the Hip-Hop culture. A subculture such as this one is a response to the gap that has been created between the involuntary or mainstream ideology and the group that one has chosen. These subcultures are a necessity to restore control back to the main society. We see evidence of this in the adoption of Hip-Hop into the mainstream culture which has lessened its marginality and brought African Americans into the control of White America once again.This shows very much in the content of the music hat is made today versus when Hip-Hop was still underground. Hibernia Critique The Hip-Hop subculture is not a response to an oppressive authority but a communal relationship created by a subjective feeling that as a common people they belong together. Ethnicity, a shared language, or symbols is not themselves sufficient enough to cause a bond so strong as to create a sub group. This type of bond is less of a relationship and more of a membership that is based on surface characteristics, such as clothing, bad attitudes, and taste in music, in this case.Individuals apart of this culture have not been forced into a group but opted into this group as a consequence of conformity or to feel cool. This subculture can be seen as a response to charismatic authority. Emcees and Des, because of their skill, high esteem in the community, and superficial wealth, are seen as figures to idealize. These individuals were therefore followed into the creation of this subculture. These two analyses Of the Hip-Hop culture has lead us me to insights as to why the subculture was created, has been maintained, and is so readily adopted by the mainstream today. Something that started off just as something fun to keep young African Americans out of trouble evolved into its own society. This society even though it started as a counterculture has found its way into the mainstream. The music that has resulted, once banned from airwaves, now is used more than not in all facets of advertisement, at sporting events, and tops billboards continuously. This shows that the oppression placed on this group and the positivist that resulted from it changed the world as we know it.

Adidas Essays

Adidas Essays Adidas Essay Adidas Essay Wholesaling strategy to reach profitable market share. Offering discounted prices with different product offering such as shoes and bags for a certain period of time for example, 5 % to 50 % discounts on selected items. Able to penetrate the market as it is cheaper than its competitor. Uses market skimming for example, white T-Mac shoes is being charged at a higher price than the other color of the same version. Taylor Madames premium price points in order to dominate its market. Faster product creation and production by improving infrastructure, processes and yester. Investing more on the highest potential market and channels such as China and Russia. Focusing on three attack markets such as North America, Greater China, Latin America, Japan and I-J. Continuously refining distribution proposition with a strong focus on controlled space such as own retail. E-commerce, mono-branded franchise stores, shop-in-shops, Joint ventures with retail partners and co-branded stores. Royal sporting house, world of sports and sport slink are some of Adios outlets. Retailing space management to amplify Adios brands at Point of Sale transactions. Conduct warehousing for assurance of the safety and quality of its products. Rebooks retail strategic pillars. Rebooks partnership with Cross fit to introduce consumers to a new way of approaching fitness.

A Short History of the Great Depression

A Short History of the Great Depression The Great Depression, which lasted from 1929 to 1941,  was a severe economic downturn caused by  an overly-confident,  over-extended stock market and a drought that struck the South.   In an attempt to end the Great Depression, the U.S. government took  unprecedented direct action to help  stimulate the economy. Despite this help, it was  the increased production needed for ​World War II that finally ended the Great Depression. The Stock Market Crash After nearly a decade of optimism and prosperity, the United States was thrown into despair on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the day the stock market crashed and the official beginning of the Great Depression. As stock prices plummeted with no hope of recovery, panic struck. Masses and masses of people tried to sell their stock, but no one was buying. The stock market, which had appeared to be the surest way to become rich, quickly became the path to bankruptcy. And yet, the Stock Market Crash was just the beginning. Since many banks had also invested large portions of their clients savings in the stock market, these banks were forced to close when the stock market crashed. Seeing a few banks close caused another panic across the country. Afraid they would lose their own savings, people rushed to banks that were still open to withdraw their money. This massive withdrawal of cash caused additional banks to close. Since there was no way for a banks clients to recover any of their savings once the bank had closed, those who didnt reach the bank in time also became bankrupt. 1:44 Watch Now: What Led to the Great Depression? Unemployment Businesses and industry were also affected. Despite President Herbert Hoover asking businesses to maintain their wage rates, many businesses, having lost much of their own capital in either the Stock Market Crash or the bank closures, started cutting back their workers hours or wages.  In turn, consumers began to curb their spending, refraining from purchasing such things as luxury goods. This lack of consumer spending caused additional businesses to cut back wages or, more drastically, to lay off some of their workers. Some businesses couldnt stay open even with these cuts and soon closed their doors, leaving all their workers unemployed. Unemployment was a huge problem during the Great Depression. From 1929 to 1933, the unemployment rate in the United States rose from  3.2% to the incredibly high 24.9%- meaning that one out of every four people were out of work.   PhotoQuest / Getty Images The Dust Bowl In previous depressions, farmers were usually safe from the severe effects of the depression because they could at least feed themselves. Unfortunately, during the Great Depression, the Great Plains were hit hard with both a drought and horrendous dust storms, creating what became known as the Dust Bowl. Years and years of overgrazing combined with the effects of a drought caused the grass to disappear. With just topsoil exposed, high winds picked up the loose dirt and whirled it for miles. The dust storms destroyed everything in their paths, leaving farmers without their crops. Small farmers were hit especially hard. Even before the dust storms hit, the invention of the tractor drastically cut the need for manpower on farms. These small farmers were usually already in debt, borrowing money for seed and paying it back when their crops came in. When the dust storms damaged the crops, not only could the small farmer not feed himself and his family, he could not pay back his debt. Banks would then foreclose on the small farms and the farmers family would be both homeless and unemployed. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images Riding the Rails During the Great Depression, millions of people were out of work across the United States. Unable to find another job locally, many unemployed people hit the road, traveling from place to place, hoping to find some work. A few of these people had cars, but most hitchhiked or rode the rails. A large portion of the people who rode the rails were teenagers, but there were also older men, women, and entire families who traveled in this manner. They would board freight trains and crisscross the country, hoping to find a job in one of the towns along the way. When there was a job opening, there were often literally a thousand people applying for the same job. Those who werent lucky enough to get the job would perhaps stay in a shantytown (known as Hoovervilles) outside of town. Housing in the shantytown was built out of any material that could be found freely, like driftwood, cardboard, or even newspapers. The farmers who had lost their homes and land usually headed west to California, where they heard rumors of agricultural jobs. Unfortunately, although there was some seasonal work, the conditions for these families were transient and hostile. Since many of these farmers came from Oklahoma and Arkansas, they were called the derogatory names of Okies and Arkies. (The stories of these migrants to California were immortalized in the fictional book, The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck.) Roosevelt and the New Deal The U.S. economy broke down and entered the Great Depression during the presidency of Herbert Hoover. Although President Hoover repeatedly spoke of optimism, the people blamed him for the Great Depression. Just as the shantytowns were named Hoovervilles after him, newspapers became known as Hoover blankets, pockets of pants turned inside out (to show they were empty) were called Hoover flags, and broken-down cars pulled by horses were known as Hoover wagons. During the 1932 presidential election, Hoover did not stand a chance at reelection and Franklin D. Roosevelt won in a landslide. People of the United States had high hopes that President Roosevelt would be able to solve all their woes. As soon as Roosevelt took office, he closed all the banks and only let them reopen once they were stabilized. Next, Roosevelt began to establish programs that became known as the New Deal. These New Deal programs were most commonly known by their initials, which reminded some people of alphabet soup. Some of these programs were aimed at helping farmers, like the AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Administration). While other programs, such as the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) and the WPA (Works Progress Administration), attempted to help curb unemployment by hiring people for various projects. The End of the Great Depression To many at the time, President Roosevelt was a hero. They believed that he cared deeply for the common man and that he was doing his best to end the Great Depression. Looking back, however, it is uncertain as to how much Roosevelts New Deal programs helped to end the Great Depression. By all accounts, the New Deal programs eased the hardships of the Great Depression; however, the U.S. economy was still extremely bad by the end of the 1930s. The major turn-around for the U.S. economy occurred after the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the entrance of the United States into World War II. Once the U.S. was involved in the war, both people and industry became essential to the war effort. Weapons, artillery, ships, and airplanes were needed quickly. Men were trained to become soldiers and the women were kept on the home front to keep the factories going. Food needed to be grown for both the homefront and to send overseas. It was ultimately the entrance of the U.S. into World War II that ended the Great Depression in the United States.

Project Report on designing and implementing a thematic task-based Research Paper

Project Report on designing and implementing a thematic task-based unit of work which could be used with a mixed-ability class - Research Paper Example Student describes the way they carry out different activities during the day and number of times they do a particular job in an unclean manner. They understand the reason why they are asked to wash their hands every time they eat something. Students understand the different ways in which they can keep their body clean and also take care to maintain the environment clean. Reading: The students are encouraged to read the questionnaire and understand the meaning of words and importance of the concept of cleanliness. The vocabulary and grasping quality of students are enhanced when they read different articles circulated among them. Writing: The students while filling the questionnaire give importance to the spelling which can improve the quality of their writing. Various pictures are drawn and asked to describe. Children are asked to write about the times the things they do to make themselves clean. Speaking: Students are asked question to improve their speaking ability. They are asked about their lifestyle and give brief detail on day to day activities. Discussion among themselves in groups is introduced to have interaction. 1. Students can be lead to a clean place and allowed to sit in a row and asked to give their experience Ask them about any inconvenience or discomfort they have on skin or any occurrence of any allergies lately. The student’s responses can be written on the board. There should be discussions about the features of different bacteria and viruses, where they breed and what situation can destroy them. It should also be discussed about the role played by skin and immune system in order to avoid illness. They should be guided to ways to implement health and clean living. 3. Collect all the response from families and use it at the right time. Once the surveys are done the students should be asked to share all the family information with his class mates. The student

Explain the impacts of the decision in Williams v Roffey Bros & Essay

Explain the impacts of the decision in Williams v Roffey Bros & Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd. 1991 1 QB on the doctrine of consideration - Essay Example In order to critically asses the requirement of the proposition at hand, i.e. the impact of the case Roffey Bros & Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd. 1991 1 QB vs.Williams, we must first establish the premises of consideration under which this case fell, and then the outcome, and subsequently the impact of this case on the entire doctrine of consideration. The case was applied under the existing contractual duty that the promise owes to the promisor. In the latter case, half the crew of a ship had deserted it, and the other half had been promised extra money to carry on working till the ship reached its final destination, Bombay. Unlike the decision in Stilk v Myrick however, in this case the Court of Appeal had held that there was consideration in this case, mainly because the crew was so small that the remaining journey was more dangerous than when the contract had been formulated. The case of Williams v Roffey however, had an impact on consideration that was in some essence, groundbreaking. Before assessing this impact however, the facts of the case must be established and analyzed. Roffey was a building firm that had a contract to refurbish a block of flats, and had sub contracted the carpentry work to Williams, who had accepted the offer in return for  £20,000. Williams was however having financial problems and it became significantly obvious that he would not be able to finish the work on the due date. Roffey’s contract with the owners of the flat included a penalty clause in it, which effectively stated that if the work was not finished on the specified date then the contract would be terminated and Roffey would not be entitled to payment. In other words, it would lose out. Roffey thus approached Williams with an extra  £10,300 (and had already agreed that the original price had been far too low). It should be kept in mind, that this new agreem ent had also included new working agreements

An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen Essay -- Enemy People Henrik Ib

An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen An Enemy of the People deals with the extent to which individual desires and beliefs are compromised by society. In particular, the play focuses on the ways in which an individual can be ostracized by the society he is trying to help. One primary message of the play is that the individual, who stands alone, is more often "right" than the mass of people, who are portrayed as ignorant and sheeplike. Isben who turned atheist during his encounter with Georg Brandes, presents many Christian values in ‘An enemy of the people’, and religious references. Both Dr. Stockmann and Mrs. Stockmann reveal signs of religious references and show Christian values. We learn that Dr. Stockmann has strong moral values when it comes to honesty and truth. From the following we can tell that he believes that the truth should not be hidden from anyone let alone the community, and that the truth shall prevail in the end. ‘I should think he would be very glad that such an important truth has been brought to light’. We can also see that the truth is a very important part of Dr. Stockmann’s life, and that the truth is what rightly should be stood up for, as he says, ‘In god’s name, what else do you suppose I should do but take my stand on right and truth?’ and the ‘truth and the people will win the fight you may be certain!’. Apart from sticking up for the truth he also believes in sticking up for what he believes in which is a strong Christian value. You can almost compare Jesus Christ to Dr. Stockmann as both stands up for what they believe are the truth and what they believe in. Just as Jesus preached to people to back his side, Dr Stockmann does the same. ‘If I can’t hire a hall, I shall... ... don’t know; but I don’t like it. We also see many religious expressions made by her, such as ‘good heavens’, or Good lord help us’. She also makes reference to God when speaking to Dr. Stockmann., ‘I don’t know anything about it but God preserve us. Apart from Mrs. Stockmann and Dr Stockmann showing some religious reference we see Petra reveal that hard work is also presented as a good Christian value. ‘Yes – but that is good. One is so delightfully tired after it’. In the end we see similarities in both Jesus and Dr. Stockman that they both struggle to get the truth out to people, and that both are seen as enemies although they are in fact people doing right for others. Dr Stockmann does stand alone in the end but he was the one in the right, and stood up to his believes, and in his mind, ‘the strongest man in the world is he who stands most alone’.

Privacy in the Online World

Privacy is something we don’t really think about. Privacy is the last thing that comes up in our minds. The Internet is easily accessed by many people and can be hacked to find out important private information about anyone. People all over the world access the Internet, and when private information is posted online one person is going to be able to view that information no matter the privacy setting a person may use. The first article that I will use is â€Å"Who Is This Man, and Why Is He Screaming? † by Rachel Kadish. This article is about the author writing an article about her cousin Noam Galai.Galai took a photo of him self and posted it on Flickr. Months later he realized that his image was being used all around the world. The second article, â€Å"Visible Man: Ethics in a World Without Secrets† by Peter Singer, is about nobody having privacy in their lives any more. Everyone knows who you are and everything about you because of technology. Individuals mus t be responsible and protect their own privacy and also protect he rights of other individuals, with the panopticon privacy can be managed by being able to see who is observing us and what happens in the online world; therefore we act morally without breaking rules and laws.Individuals who use the Internet have to realize that they must be responsible and protect their own privacy. What goes up on the Internet will be around the world in just seconds. Galai just posted a photo of his face on the Internet not knowing about the consequences that picture would have. Singer asks himself, â€Å"New technology has made greater openness possible, but has this openness made us better off? † (Singer 463). Singer makes a good point about technology, because â€Å"new technology† has made the world improve by making it simple, but it has made it less private and dangerous because people do not understand their limits.Kadish says â€Å"The image had rippled outward in all directi ons, passing straight through national barriers† (Kadish 260). How could Galai know that the picture he posted months ago would be all over the world? The Internet is a very powerful tool, which makes you lose control of your own privacy. Some people have the tendency of misusing the Internet and risking their privacy. Technology is so powerful that any thing that you upload to the Internet will be in the power of other people. Like Singer said about the new technology it has made us open up to the world, so now everybody can see us and know who we are.Galai’s photo went international when he posted the picture of himself yawning. This is why people have to be careful when posting things on the Internet, to protect their own privacy. In addition the protecting ourselves, having more privacy can protect the rights of other individuals. Kadish asks herself â€Å"If your face isn’t private property, what is? † (Kadish 262). Kadish is right because if Galai po sted a picture of himself and other people used it, then how many other people are having the same dilemma? If Galai would have had more privacy, no one could have had the rights to use his photo.Peter singer says, â€Å"We sign away our privacy in exchange for the conveniences of modern living, giving corporations access to information about our financial circumstances and our spending habits, which will then be used to target us for ads or to analyze our customer habits† (Singer 462). With the use of technology our privacy is decreasing. Kadish also says â€Å"There’s something glorious and terrible about a world in which a picture of one’s face can sweep around the globe this way, part of a human chorus changing us for better and worse† (Kadish 262).We ask ourselves if having technology has improved us as human beings. The answer is that technology has helped us because it has made the world simple and easy, but we also became bad human beings because people abuse of technology. Singer is right when he said that we sign away our privacy for the convenience of modern living, because in Galai’s case he gave up his privacy in return of using the internet. He posted a photo and now it is in the hands of millions of people. When we put our information on the Internet it makes it available for other people to see it.Technology and the Internet should be private so nobody can use other people’s work and information. People abuse on the use of technology and that is what makes this world less private, and we are not protecting the rights of other individuals. With the Panopticon we will be more conscious of what we post, helping both privacy and morality. As Singer mentions in his article, â€Å"For those who think privacy is an inalienable right, the modern surveillance culture is a means of controlling behavior and stifling dissent.But perhaps the inspection principle, universally applied, could also be the perfection of democracy, the device that allows us to know what our governments are really doing, that keeps tabs on corporate abuses, and that protects our individual freedoms just as it subjects our personal lives to public scrutiny† (Singer 463). The Panopticon is a building designed to observe other people without them knowing they are being watched. In Kadish’s article Flickr is the Panopticon because people post pictures, and nobody knows who is observing them. Kadish says, â€Å"No one had licensed the photo or contacted Noam about using it.Curious as to how far his face had spread, Noam eventually tried searching Flickr for screaming images then using a tool called Tineye to search for images that match an uploaded picture† (Kadish 260). When Galai started observing the images that people had posted he had seen the many different ways people had used his image. Michel Foucault described the Panopticon as the â€Å"perfection of power† (Singer 464). If people ha d more privacy the photo could be protected and no one would have had the right to use the photo, and people would be moral and would have asked Galai for permission to use his photo.If people had known that the artist of the photo was observing them, people would have used the image differently or wouldn’t have used it at all. When people post pictures on flicker they don’t know who is watching then so they are more conscious of what they are posting. Therefore, having more privacy is essential for quality of life. Privacy can protect the rights of other individuals. With the Panopticon, privacy can be managed by being able to see who is observing us and what happens in the online world.The Panopticon is a round building with a tower in the middle where you can observe other people but those people being observed will not know if they are being watched or not. Sousveillance is visual monitoring from human level. With more privacy people will not have the right to use other peoples photos, and use those photos as if they were their own. In Kadish’s article we could see how people sometimes lose control of their own privacy, while in Singer’s article it talks about how we can be in control of our own privacy.

Social Psychology An Uphill Battle Against Behaviorism

It has been fourteen years since Goethals’ (2003) â€Å"A Century of Social Psychology† and seven years after Ross, Lepper, and Ward’s (2010) â€Å"History of Social Psychology†. From that time, much has changed in the historical, intellectual, and social zeitgeist that has always influenced social psychology as a field—through the latter’s desire to meet the needs and trappings of its place and time. In the same way that people interact with the situation to understand behavior and construe their social reality, the discipline (not unlike a living organism of its own) has grown and been defined by the priorities and research questions most relevant to the social issues of each point in history. For instance, American social psychology has been an†¦show more content†¦Following these themes and directions, a constructive means of evaluating what social psychology is (as a field, and as a body of theories, methods, and thought) and what it will become in the future is through its crucial role in responding to current issues impinging in our social lives and reality. It bears repeating that Kurt Lewin found that the best theories are the practical ones, where researchers take their findings and knowledge to make sense of and make a difference in the real world. It would not be too much to say that social psychology (and its emphasis on the situation where the person is embedded) is needed now more than ever, in a time of radical dispositionism, social structural transformation, and rapid changes in the ways we live. The Biology of Social Behavior Parents often tell their children to stay away from strangers, because unknown people are dangerous (and early human civilizations survived by staying away from weird outsiders). Society places a premium on attractive, intelligent, and well-off individuals as they signify good genetic material and the possibility of biologically endowed offspring. All of these concerns are in place to ensure that people get to survive and preserve their genetic line through reproduction with the best mates to ensure high genetic quality (Durrant Ellis, 2003). Ultimately, a dangerous implication would be the justification of social norm transgressions: that