Subculture of Hip Hop free essay sample

It all started with the birth of a nation. The shameful crimes that build this country rest on the backs of an enslaved people, yesterday in chains and with laws and today behind bars and within colonization. The tale is as old as our time. The first slaves were brought to the Virginia Colony in the early asses. They were simply indentured servant whom would be released after working an agreed number of years. They came to America on a voluntary basis. Soon after, that model of slavery was replaces with the race-based slavery used in the Caribbean.Slavery was officially legalized in 1641 and gradually regressed to the brutal form that we know today. The undermining and oppression of those African people were sealed in 1 712 when William Lynch, a plantation owner from the British West Indies, was asked to come to the Virginia Colony to give basically a seminar on how to manage slaves. We will write a custom essay sample on Subculture of Hip Hop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His method, in my opinion was the catalyst that started the psychological oppression that still plagues the African American psyche today. In his speech he compared Blacks directly to horses saying, Both horse and naggers is no good to the economy in the wilder or natural state.Both must be broken and died together for orderly production. (Lynch 1712). He thought that the most important factor to managing a slave was breaking his mind, or their will to resist. In the speech he gave he laid out three major points that were mandatory. 1. Breaking the mother 2. Emasculating the man in front of the woman and offspring 3. Removing men from family after offspring were born The breaking of the woman was the most important as it lead to perpetuation of the slave mentality through offspring which ensured survival of the mentality with no more work done on the part of the slave owner. After reeking the dependency of the woman from the man it caused her to do for the master and not for herself. In emasculating and removing the male from the household, which also reinforced the independence of the mother and fear in the woman, it caused the mother to in turn teach those roles to her children. She taught the female child to be independent and to live for the master and in fear for her male offspring life taught him the rules which made him psychologically dependent, but continued to keep them physically strong. He even took into consideration that the slaves might eventually erect this way of thinking.His solution was to crossbreed Whites with the slave women. By mixing and creating different shades of people this created different levels of labor. Each level of labor had different values which created separation and caused tension among them. Lynch promised that his method would keep Blacks enslaved for tallest 300 years. 201 1 is the 29th year mark from the day of his speech and his theory is still going strong. His ideas are constantly reconstructed and perpetuated by the ones whom it affects the most. To be stripped of your humanity and turned into property, How does one pop when they come into the freedom we have today?It is through creation of your own world, one where you can escape to, where you are in control. That is how the Hip-Hop subculture was born. The definition of subculture that will use for my research is: a subdivision of a natural culture, composed of a combination of factorials social situations such as class status, ethnic background, regional and rural or urban residence, and religious affiliation, but forming in their combination a functional unity which as an integrated impact on the participating individual Gordon, 1947140) The subculture that I will be analyzing is the Hip-Hop subculture.Hip-Ho p emerged in the 1 9705 in the Bronx area of New York. Keith Wiggins a member of Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five has been credited with coining the term Hip Hop in the late asss but it is more recognized to have been started by DC Africa Bumboat. Bumboat is credited with really starting the movement and establishing it has a legit music genre. He outlined four main pillars of hip hop culture and they include Mincing, Digging, break dancing and graffiti writing. Obtaining is also included as a sub element of Digging.Hip-Hop as a subculture was established by Black Americans, the youth in particular because of their normalization. Mainstream music was made mostly by White Americans for White Americans on topics they could relate to. Even though Hip-Hop started off as just a beat it transformed into something so much more. Jamaica born DC Clive Cool Here Campbell, one of the most influential in pioneering the art of hip hop music, brought over many Jamaican traditions including their tradition of toasting, which laid the lupine for the actual rapping on instrumentals.Toasting is impromptu, boastful poetry and speech over music. Hip Hop music became one of the primary constructive outlets for Black Americans to release their thoughts, pain, and anguish about the injustices and mistreatment of Black people. Even though most of the pioneers in Hip Hop either were not born in America or are 2nd generation immigrants that proves that common oppression can lead to unity. The fact that that these individuals were impoverished and felt marginality is what brought them gather and lead to the culture today.Deep rooted racism in the United States kept the genre of music suppressed for a while before it was allowed to even be played on the airwaves. Now, in 2011, the main consumers of byproducts of hip hop are Wh ite Americans. Dreaming Analysis The continuous normalization of African Americans has left them in a state of anomie, not being able to totally meet the social goals and norms of white America has caused strain and dysfunctional which eventually lead to a feeling of alienation.The members of this anomic class, having similar seasons for alienation, have been brought together and cohesion has formed which strikingly resembles mechanical solidarity. Mechanical solidarity is a social bond based on resemblance. It is the common oppression that creates the collective consciousness that maintains this bond. Blackness is the token that is deified. Characteristics of that Blackness are normalization, poverty, and oppression. These are the most prevailing themes in the society that is created. Not surprisingly, these are also the main themes in Hip-Hop music.The collective conscious of this group is translated through symbolic immunization such as slang and beat making and translates to the collective behavior which is the Hip-Hop culture. A subculture such as this one is a response to the gap that has been created between the involuntary or mainstream ideology and the group that one has chosen. These subcultures are a necessity to restore control back to the main society. We see evidence of this in the adoption of Hip-Hop into the mainstream culture which has lessened its marginality and brought African Americans into the control of White America once again.This shows very much in the content of the music hat is made today versus when Hip-Hop was still underground. Hibernia Critique The Hip-Hop subculture is not a response to an oppressive authority but a communal relationship created by a subjective feeling that as a common people they belong together. Ethnicity, a shared language, or symbols is not themselves sufficient enough to cause a bond so strong as to create a sub group. This type of bond is less of a relationship and more of a membership that is based on surface characteristics, such as clothing, bad attitudes, and taste in music, in this case.Individuals apart of this culture have not been forced into a group but opted into this group as a consequence of conformity or to feel cool. This subculture can be seen as a response to charismatic authority. Emcees and Des, because of their skill, high esteem in the community, and superficial wealth, are seen as figures to idealize. These individuals were therefore followed into the creation of this subculture. These two analyses Of the Hip-Hop culture has lead us me to insights as to why the subculture was created, has been maintained, and is so readily adopted by the mainstream today. Something that started off just as something fun to keep young African Americans out of trouble evolved into its own society. This society even though it started as a counterculture has found its way into the mainstream. The music that has resulted, once banned from airwaves, now is used more than not in all facets of advertisement, at sporting events, and tops billboards continuously. This shows that the oppression placed on this group and the positivist that resulted from it changed the world as we know it.

Adidas Essays

Adidas Essays Adidas Essay Adidas Essay Wholesaling strategy to reach profitable market share. Offering discounted prices with different product offering such as shoes and bags for a certain period of time for example, 5 % to 50 % discounts on selected items. Able to penetrate the market as it is cheaper than its competitor. Uses market skimming for example, white T-Mac shoes is being charged at a higher price than the other color of the same version. Taylor Madames premium price points in order to dominate its market. Faster product creation and production by improving infrastructure, processes and yester. Investing more on the highest potential market and channels such as China and Russia. Focusing on three attack markets such as North America, Greater China, Latin America, Japan and I-J. Continuously refining distribution proposition with a strong focus on controlled space such as own retail. E-commerce, mono-branded franchise stores, shop-in-shops, Joint ventures with retail partners and co-branded stores. Royal sporting house, world of sports and sport slink are some of Adios outlets. Retailing space management to amplify Adios brands at Point of Sale transactions. Conduct warehousing for assurance of the safety and quality of its products. Rebooks retail strategic pillars. Rebooks partnership with Cross fit to introduce consumers to a new way of approaching fitness.

A Short History of the Great Depression

A Short History of the Great Depression The Great Depression, which lasted from 1929 to 1941,  was a severe economic downturn caused by  an overly-confident,  over-extended stock market and a drought that struck the South.   In an attempt to end the Great Depression, the U.S. government took  unprecedented direct action to help  stimulate the economy. Despite this help, it was  the increased production needed for ​World War II that finally ended the Great Depression. The Stock Market Crash After nearly a decade of optimism and prosperity, the United States was thrown into despair on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the day the stock market crashed and the official beginning of the Great Depression. As stock prices plummeted with no hope of recovery, panic struck. Masses and masses of people tried to sell their stock, but no one was buying. The stock market, which had appeared to be the surest way to become rich, quickly became the path to bankruptcy. And yet, the Stock Market Crash was just the beginning. Since many banks had also invested large portions of their clients savings in the stock market, these banks were forced to close when the stock market crashed. Seeing a few banks close caused another panic across the country. Afraid they would lose their own savings, people rushed to banks that were still open to withdraw their money. This massive withdrawal of cash caused additional banks to close. Since there was no way for a banks clients to recover any of their savings once the bank had closed, those who didnt reach the bank in time also became bankrupt. 1:44 Watch Now: What Led to the Great Depression? Unemployment Businesses and industry were also affected. Despite President Herbert Hoover asking businesses to maintain their wage rates, many businesses, having lost much of their own capital in either the Stock Market Crash or the bank closures, started cutting back their workers hours or wages.  In turn, consumers began to curb their spending, refraining from purchasing such things as luxury goods. This lack of consumer spending caused additional businesses to cut back wages or, more drastically, to lay off some of their workers. Some businesses couldnt stay open even with these cuts and soon closed their doors, leaving all their workers unemployed. Unemployment was a huge problem during the Great Depression. From 1929 to 1933, the unemployment rate in the United States rose from  3.2% to the incredibly high 24.9%- meaning that one out of every four people were out of work.   PhotoQuest / Getty Images The Dust Bowl In previous depressions, farmers were usually safe from the severe effects of the depression because they could at least feed themselves. Unfortunately, during the Great Depression, the Great Plains were hit hard with both a drought and horrendous dust storms, creating what became known as the Dust Bowl. Years and years of overgrazing combined with the effects of a drought caused the grass to disappear. With just topsoil exposed, high winds picked up the loose dirt and whirled it for miles. The dust storms destroyed everything in their paths, leaving farmers without their crops. Small farmers were hit especially hard. Even before the dust storms hit, the invention of the tractor drastically cut the need for manpower on farms. These small farmers were usually already in debt, borrowing money for seed and paying it back when their crops came in. When the dust storms damaged the crops, not only could the small farmer not feed himself and his family, he could not pay back his debt. Banks would then foreclose on the small farms and the farmers family would be both homeless and unemployed. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images Riding the Rails During the Great Depression, millions of people were out of work across the United States. Unable to find another job locally, many unemployed people hit the road, traveling from place to place, hoping to find some work. A few of these people had cars, but most hitchhiked or rode the rails. A large portion of the people who rode the rails were teenagers, but there were also older men, women, and entire families who traveled in this manner. They would board freight trains and crisscross the country, hoping to find a job in one of the towns along the way. When there was a job opening, there were often literally a thousand people applying for the same job. Those who werent lucky enough to get the job would perhaps stay in a shantytown (known as Hoovervilles) outside of town. Housing in the shantytown was built out of any material that could be found freely, like driftwood, cardboard, or even newspapers. The farmers who had lost their homes and land usually headed west to California, where they heard rumors of agricultural jobs. Unfortunately, although there was some seasonal work, the conditions for these families were transient and hostile. Since many of these farmers came from Oklahoma and Arkansas, they were called the derogatory names of Okies and Arkies. (The stories of these migrants to California were immortalized in the fictional book, The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck.) Roosevelt and the New Deal The U.S. economy broke down and entered the Great Depression during the presidency of Herbert Hoover. Although President Hoover repeatedly spoke of optimism, the people blamed him for the Great Depression. Just as the shantytowns were named Hoovervilles after him, newspapers became known as Hoover blankets, pockets of pants turned inside out (to show they were empty) were called Hoover flags, and broken-down cars pulled by horses were known as Hoover wagons. During the 1932 presidential election, Hoover did not stand a chance at reelection and Franklin D. Roosevelt won in a landslide. People of the United States had high hopes that President Roosevelt would be able to solve all their woes. As soon as Roosevelt took office, he closed all the banks and only let them reopen once they were stabilized. Next, Roosevelt began to establish programs that became known as the New Deal. These New Deal programs were most commonly known by their initials, which reminded some people of alphabet soup. Some of these programs were aimed at helping farmers, like the AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Administration). While other programs, such as the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) and the WPA (Works Progress Administration), attempted to help curb unemployment by hiring people for various projects. The End of the Great Depression To many at the time, President Roosevelt was a hero. They believed that he cared deeply for the common man and that he was doing his best to end the Great Depression. Looking back, however, it is uncertain as to how much Roosevelts New Deal programs helped to end the Great Depression. By all accounts, the New Deal programs eased the hardships of the Great Depression; however, the U.S. economy was still extremely bad by the end of the 1930s. The major turn-around for the U.S. economy occurred after the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the entrance of the United States into World War II. Once the U.S. was involved in the war, both people and industry became essential to the war effort. Weapons, artillery, ships, and airplanes were needed quickly. Men were trained to become soldiers and the women were kept on the home front to keep the factories going. Food needed to be grown for both the homefront and to send overseas. It was ultimately the entrance of the U.S. into World War II that ended the Great Depression in the United States.

Project Report on designing and implementing a thematic task-based Research Paper

Project Report on designing and implementing a thematic task-based unit of work which could be used with a mixed-ability class - Research Paper Example Student describes the way they carry out different activities during the day and number of times they do a particular job in an unclean manner. They understand the reason why they are asked to wash their hands every time they eat something. Students understand the different ways in which they can keep their body clean and also take care to maintain the environment clean. Reading: The students are encouraged to read the questionnaire and understand the meaning of words and importance of the concept of cleanliness. The vocabulary and grasping quality of students are enhanced when they read different articles circulated among them. Writing: The students while filling the questionnaire give importance to the spelling which can improve the quality of their writing. Various pictures are drawn and asked to describe. Children are asked to write about the times the things they do to make themselves clean. Speaking: Students are asked question to improve their speaking ability. They are asked about their lifestyle and give brief detail on day to day activities. Discussion among themselves in groups is introduced to have interaction. 1. Students can be lead to a clean place and allowed to sit in a row and asked to give their experience Ask them about any inconvenience or discomfort they have on skin or any occurrence of any allergies lately. The student’s responses can be written on the board. There should be discussions about the features of different bacteria and viruses, where they breed and what situation can destroy them. It should also be discussed about the role played by skin and immune system in order to avoid illness. They should be guided to ways to implement health and clean living. 3. Collect all the response from families and use it at the right time. Once the surveys are done the students should be asked to share all the family information with his class mates. The student

Explain the impacts of the decision in Williams v Roffey Bros & Essay

Explain the impacts of the decision in Williams v Roffey Bros & Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd. 1991 1 QB on the doctrine of consideration - Essay Example In order to critically asses the requirement of the proposition at hand, i.e. the impact of the case Roffey Bros & Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd. 1991 1 QB vs.Williams, we must first establish the premises of consideration under which this case fell, and then the outcome, and subsequently the impact of this case on the entire doctrine of consideration. The case was applied under the existing contractual duty that the promise owes to the promisor. In the latter case, half the crew of a ship had deserted it, and the other half had been promised extra money to carry on working till the ship reached its final destination, Bombay. Unlike the decision in Stilk v Myrick however, in this case the Court of Appeal had held that there was consideration in this case, mainly because the crew was so small that the remaining journey was more dangerous than when the contract had been formulated. The case of Williams v Roffey however, had an impact on consideration that was in some essence, groundbreaking. Before assessing this impact however, the facts of the case must be established and analyzed. Roffey was a building firm that had a contract to refurbish a block of flats, and had sub contracted the carpentry work to Williams, who had accepted the offer in return for  £20,000. Williams was however having financial problems and it became significantly obvious that he would not be able to finish the work on the due date. Roffey’s contract with the owners of the flat included a penalty clause in it, which effectively stated that if the work was not finished on the specified date then the contract would be terminated and Roffey would not be entitled to payment. In other words, it would lose out. Roffey thus approached Williams with an extra  £10,300 (and had already agreed that the original price had been far too low). It should be kept in mind, that this new agreem ent had also included new working agreements

An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen Essay -- Enemy People Henrik Ib

An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen An Enemy of the People deals with the extent to which individual desires and beliefs are compromised by society. In particular, the play focuses on the ways in which an individual can be ostracized by the society he is trying to help. One primary message of the play is that the individual, who stands alone, is more often "right" than the mass of people, who are portrayed as ignorant and sheeplike. Isben who turned atheist during his encounter with Georg Brandes, presents many Christian values in ‘An enemy of the people’, and religious references. Both Dr. Stockmann and Mrs. Stockmann reveal signs of religious references and show Christian values. We learn that Dr. Stockmann has strong moral values when it comes to honesty and truth. From the following we can tell that he believes that the truth should not be hidden from anyone let alone the community, and that the truth shall prevail in the end. ‘I should think he would be very glad that such an important truth has been brought to light’. We can also see that the truth is a very important part of Dr. Stockmann’s life, and that the truth is what rightly should be stood up for, as he says, ‘In god’s name, what else do you suppose I should do but take my stand on right and truth?’ and the ‘truth and the people will win the fight you may be certain!’. Apart from sticking up for the truth he also believes in sticking up for what he believes in which is a strong Christian value. You can almost compare Jesus Christ to Dr. Stockmann as both stands up for what they believe are the truth and what they believe in. Just as Jesus preached to people to back his side, Dr Stockmann does the same. ‘If I can’t hire a hall, I shall... ... don’t know; but I don’t like it. We also see many religious expressions made by her, such as ‘good heavens’, or Good lord help us’. She also makes reference to God when speaking to Dr. Stockmann., ‘I don’t know anything about it but God preserve us. Apart from Mrs. Stockmann and Dr Stockmann showing some religious reference we see Petra reveal that hard work is also presented as a good Christian value. ‘Yes – but that is good. One is so delightfully tired after it’. In the end we see similarities in both Jesus and Dr. Stockman that they both struggle to get the truth out to people, and that both are seen as enemies although they are in fact people doing right for others. Dr Stockmann does stand alone in the end but he was the one in the right, and stood up to his believes, and in his mind, ‘the strongest man in the world is he who stands most alone’.

Privacy in the Online World

Privacy is something we don’t really think about. Privacy is the last thing that comes up in our minds. The Internet is easily accessed by many people and can be hacked to find out important private information about anyone. People all over the world access the Internet, and when private information is posted online one person is going to be able to view that information no matter the privacy setting a person may use. The first article that I will use is â€Å"Who Is This Man, and Why Is He Screaming? † by Rachel Kadish. This article is about the author writing an article about her cousin Noam Galai.Galai took a photo of him self and posted it on Flickr. Months later he realized that his image was being used all around the world. The second article, â€Å"Visible Man: Ethics in a World Without Secrets† by Peter Singer, is about nobody having privacy in their lives any more. Everyone knows who you are and everything about you because of technology. Individuals mus t be responsible and protect their own privacy and also protect he rights of other individuals, with the panopticon privacy can be managed by being able to see who is observing us and what happens in the online world; therefore we act morally without breaking rules and laws.Individuals who use the Internet have to realize that they must be responsible and protect their own privacy. What goes up on the Internet will be around the world in just seconds. Galai just posted a photo of his face on the Internet not knowing about the consequences that picture would have. Singer asks himself, â€Å"New technology has made greater openness possible, but has this openness made us better off? † (Singer 463). Singer makes a good point about technology, because â€Å"new technology† has made the world improve by making it simple, but it has made it less private and dangerous because people do not understand their limits.Kadish says â€Å"The image had rippled outward in all directi ons, passing straight through national barriers† (Kadish 260). How could Galai know that the picture he posted months ago would be all over the world? The Internet is a very powerful tool, which makes you lose control of your own privacy. Some people have the tendency of misusing the Internet and risking their privacy. Technology is so powerful that any thing that you upload to the Internet will be in the power of other people. Like Singer said about the new technology it has made us open up to the world, so now everybody can see us and know who we are.Galai’s photo went international when he posted the picture of himself yawning. This is why people have to be careful when posting things on the Internet, to protect their own privacy. In addition the protecting ourselves, having more privacy can protect the rights of other individuals. Kadish asks herself â€Å"If your face isn’t private property, what is? † (Kadish 262). Kadish is right because if Galai po sted a picture of himself and other people used it, then how many other people are having the same dilemma? If Galai would have had more privacy, no one could have had the rights to use his photo.Peter singer says, â€Å"We sign away our privacy in exchange for the conveniences of modern living, giving corporations access to information about our financial circumstances and our spending habits, which will then be used to target us for ads or to analyze our customer habits† (Singer 462). With the use of technology our privacy is decreasing. Kadish also says â€Å"There’s something glorious and terrible about a world in which a picture of one’s face can sweep around the globe this way, part of a human chorus changing us for better and worse† (Kadish 262).We ask ourselves if having technology has improved us as human beings. The answer is that technology has helped us because it has made the world simple and easy, but we also became bad human beings because people abuse of technology. Singer is right when he said that we sign away our privacy for the convenience of modern living, because in Galai’s case he gave up his privacy in return of using the internet. He posted a photo and now it is in the hands of millions of people. When we put our information on the Internet it makes it available for other people to see it.Technology and the Internet should be private so nobody can use other people’s work and information. People abuse on the use of technology and that is what makes this world less private, and we are not protecting the rights of other individuals. With the Panopticon we will be more conscious of what we post, helping both privacy and morality. As Singer mentions in his article, â€Å"For those who think privacy is an inalienable right, the modern surveillance culture is a means of controlling behavior and stifling dissent.But perhaps the inspection principle, universally applied, could also be the perfection of democracy, the device that allows us to know what our governments are really doing, that keeps tabs on corporate abuses, and that protects our individual freedoms just as it subjects our personal lives to public scrutiny† (Singer 463). The Panopticon is a building designed to observe other people without them knowing they are being watched. In Kadish’s article Flickr is the Panopticon because people post pictures, and nobody knows who is observing them. Kadish says, â€Å"No one had licensed the photo or contacted Noam about using it.Curious as to how far his face had spread, Noam eventually tried searching Flickr for screaming images then using a tool called Tineye to search for images that match an uploaded picture† (Kadish 260). When Galai started observing the images that people had posted he had seen the many different ways people had used his image. Michel Foucault described the Panopticon as the â€Å"perfection of power† (Singer 464). If people ha d more privacy the photo could be protected and no one would have had the right to use the photo, and people would be moral and would have asked Galai for permission to use his photo.If people had known that the artist of the photo was observing them, people would have used the image differently or wouldn’t have used it at all. When people post pictures on flicker they don’t know who is watching then so they are more conscious of what they are posting. Therefore, having more privacy is essential for quality of life. Privacy can protect the rights of other individuals. With the Panopticon, privacy can be managed by being able to see who is observing us and what happens in the online world.The Panopticon is a round building with a tower in the middle where you can observe other people but those people being observed will not know if they are being watched or not. Sousveillance is visual monitoring from human level. With more privacy people will not have the right to use other peoples photos, and use those photos as if they were their own. In Kadish’s article we could see how people sometimes lose control of their own privacy, while in Singer’s article it talks about how we can be in control of our own privacy.